On the contrary to Oahspe, the Hebrew Scriptures state that Ishmael was indeed Abraham’s biological, first-born son. Many members of the Abrahamic religions, with the exception of Islam, seemingly say that Sarai, knowing she was barren, offered her maid, Hagar, to Abraham to conceive a heir, making Hagar essentially a “concubine”². The Quran of Islam, on the other hand, seemingly says that both Sarai and Hagar were wives of Abraham, which made Ishmael Abraham’s biological and legitimate first-born son. The Quran adds that Hagar was the daughter of a King of Egypt, which made her a princess rather than a concubine³.

Regarding the prophecy about the future of Hagar’s son, Ishmael, Oahspe and the bibles of the Abrahamic religions seemingly agree that Hagar’s son, Ishmael, was a wild one, “against every man, and every man shall be against him”. The bibles say that in return for Hagar returning to the home of Abraham and sustaining the challenges of living with Sarai, she would be blessed with many descendants through her son, Ishmael. The Quran of Islam, however, adds that the angel told Hagar that Ishmael would be made into a great nation⁴, which Islam interprets as the foretelling of Ishmael’s descendant, the prophet Muhammed. The Quran also adds that “his brethren would rule over all the lands”, but “he will move from place to place and camp near his brothers⁵“.

Lastly, regarding Hagar’s eventual decision for her and her son to leave Abraham and Sarai and go to Par-an, the Abrahamic religions, with the exception of Islam, seemingly say that Sarai cast Hagar and Ishmael out into the desert. The Quran of Islam says that God told Abraham to take Hagar and Ishmael, which to Islam was his second wife and legitimate, first-born son, to an uncultivated region of Mecca. The Quran adds that God provided them with the miracle of water and that Abraham later returned to build the Kaaba (cube of the Sacred House), which are all events that sanctified Mecca as a holy area and are regularly re-enacted in an Islamic pilgrimage⁶.